MASTER 
NEGA  TIVE 

NO.  91-80249 


MICROFILMED  1991 
COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES/NEW  YORK 


as  part  of  the 
"Foundations  of  Western  Civilization  Preservation  Project 


Funded  by  the 
NATIONAL  ENDOWMENT  FOR  THE  HUMANITIES 


Reproductions  may  not  be  made  without  permission  from 

Columbia  University  Library 


COPYRIGHT  STATEMENT 

The  copyright  law  of  the  United  States  -  Title  17,  United 
States  Code  -  concerns  the  making  of  photocopies  or  other 
reproductions  of  copyrighted  material... 

Columbia  University  Library  reserves  the  right  to  refuse  to 
accept  a  copy  order  if,  in  its  judgement,  fulfillment  of  the  order 
would  involve  violation  of  the  copyright  law. 


AUTHOR: 


BALL,  ALLAN  P. 


TITLE: 


JULIUS  OR  "JULIUS" 


PLACE: 


BALTIMORE 


DA  TE : 


1913 


.« 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MTrRQFORM  TARHFT 


Master  Negative  U 


Original  Material  as  Filmed  -  Existing  Bibliographic  Record 


Restrictions  on  Use: 


CP:nyu 

PC:r 

MMO: 

040 

100  10 

245  10 

260  0 

300 

LOG 

QO 


ST 
CSC 
GPC 
REP 


P 
? 

? 

7 


FRN 
MOO 
BIO 
CPI 


BKS/PROD   Books       FUL/BIB    NYCG91-B75717 
Record  1  of  0  -  Record  added  today 

I0:NYCG91-B75717    RTYP-a 
CC:9668   BLTram      QCF:? 

L:eng     iNT:? 
PD:1991/1913 
OR:    POL:     DM: 
NNC}:cNNC 
Ball,  Allan  P. 

Julius  or  "Julius"^h[microfromJ:^cA  note  on  Vera  Aen   I 
Baltimore, ^blhe  Johns  Hopkins  Press. ^cl913. 
81-84  p. 

ORIG 

08-21-91 


? 

7 


RR: 


MS 
SNR 
FIC 
FSI 
COL 


? 
? 


Acquisitions     NYCG-PT 


EL: 
ATC: 
CON:??? 
ILC:???? 
EML: 


AD:08-21-91 
U0:08-21-91 


MEI:? 
GEN: 


II:? 
BSE: 


286  Seq. 


TOCHNICAL  MICROFORM  DATA 


REDUCTION     RATIO: LLL?^?^ 


FILM     SIZE:„j35.^iiV>_ 

IMAGE  PLACEMENT:    lA  <ll^  IB     IIB 

DATE     FILMED: ^9/iEl INITIALS        /S  Jb 

FILMED  BY:    RESEARCH  mtnLICATIONS.  INC  WOOnnRrnr^;rT-""--" 


Association  for  Information  and  Image  Management 

1100  Wayne  Avenue.  Suite  1100 
Silver  Spring.  Maryland  20910 

301/587-8202 


K-. 


^. 


Centimeter 

1        2        3 

nnhmimjImjLMliiiiliiiili 


4        5        6        7        8 

llJlLlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 


wmm 


9       10 

liiiiliiiiliii 


n       12       13       14       15   mm 

iiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiilmiliiiil 


Inches 


1 1 1 


1 


TTJTT 


TTT 


1.0 

1^  |2.8 

150 

156            H 

"it  1^ 

hk    ^ 

■tteift 

1.4 

2.2 
2.0 

1.8 
1.6 

I.I 

1.25 

I  1  I  I  I  I  I 
5 


1 


MONUFfiCTURED  TO  fillM  STRNDfiRDS 
BY  fiPPLIED  IMRGE,    INC. 


*^'^\ 


^^.*,>^ 


'li^    .,    '^ 


Uiii'tiA   C\j.<rlatfce^  ^  y^r^Z%ryt/i;C 


Vol.  XXXIV,  i 


Whole  No.  133 


THE 


AMERICAN 


Journal  of  Philology 


EDITED  BY 


BASIL    L.    GILDERSLEEVE 

Francis  White  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University 


BALTIMORE:  THE  EDITOR 

The  Johns  Hopkins  Press,  Agents 

London  :  Kegan  Paul,  Trench,  Trubner  &  Co. 

Paris  :  Albert  Fontemoing  Leipsic  :  F.  A.  Brockhaus 


January,  February,  March 
1913 


CONTENTS. 


I.— The  Dialogue  of  Tacitus.     By  W.  Peterson,                     .        .        .  i 
II.— Derivatives  of  the  Root   Stha  in   Composition.     By  Edwin  W. 

Fay.     Second  Part, I5 

III.— The  Genitives  -OT  and  -010  in  Homer.     By  J.  A.  J.  Drewitt,      .  43 

IV.— Note    on    Satyros,    Life   of   Euripides,  Oxyr.  Pap.  9,  157-8.     By 

KiRBY  Flower  Smith, 62 

V. — Two  Tabellae   Defixionum  in   the  Royal  Ontario  Museum.     By 

W.  Sherwood  Fox 

VI.— Julius  or  "Julius":  A  Note  on  Verg.  Aen.  I.  286  Seq.    By  Allan 

P.  Ball, 

Reviews  and  Book  Notices:  .        .        .        ... 

Sihler's  Annals  of  Caesar. — Edmonds'  The  Greek  Bucolic  Poets,  with 
an  English  Translation. — Curcio's  Q.  Orazio   Fiacco  Studiato  in 
Italia  dal  Secolo  XIII  al  XVIII. — Dodgson's  A  Parsing  Synopsis 
of  the  788  forms  of  the  verb  in  St.  Lukes  Gospel  from  Lei9arragas 
New  Testament  of  the  year  1571. 
Reports:     ....  ...  .... 

Rheinisches  Museum  fUr  Philologie. — Philologus. 

Brief  Mention, 104 

Recent  Publications, n8 

Books  Received •.  -    .        »       .123 


74 

81 
85 


96 


Open  to  original  communications  in  all  departments  of  philology, 
classical,  comparative,  oriental,  modern  ;  condensed  reports  of  current 
philological  work  ;  summaries  of  chief  articles  in  the  leading  philological 
journals  of  Europe ;  reviews  by  specialists,  bibliographical  lists.  Four 
numbers  constitute  a  volume,  one  volume  each  year.  Subscription  price 
$3.00  a  year  (foreign  postage  50  cents),  payable  to  the  publisher  in 
advance;  single  numbers,  $1.00  each.  Suitable  advertisements  will  be 
inserted  at  the  following  rates  : 


<> 

1  TIMB. 

2T. 

8t. 

4  T. 

One  page 

Half  DRITG   • 

$16  00 
800 
400 
200 

$90  00 

16  00 

800 

4  00 

$40  00 

20  00 

13  00 

AOO 

$f>0  00 
26  00 

Quarter  page    ... 

1  liflrhth  Daire 

16  00 

H  00 

Tht  English  Agents  of  the  American  Jonraal  of  Philology  are  Messrs. 
Kegan  Paul,  Trench,  Triibner  Ac  Co.,  Paternoster  House,  Charing  Cross 
Road,  London,  W.  C. 

SpEaAL  Nonci. — The  stock  of  complete  sets  of  The  American 
Journal  of  Philology  has  passed  over  into  the  hands  of  the  under- 
signed. These  sets  will  be  sold  for  the  present  at  the  reduced 
price  of  $69,  for  the  thirty-four  volnmes,  cash  to  accompany 
the  order.  Single  volumes,  $3  (foreign  postage,  50  cents)  ;  single 
numbers,  $1  each,  so  far  as  they  can  be  supplied.    Address, 

The  Johns  Hopkins  Press,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Published  quarterly.     Three  dollars  a  year   (foreign   postage, 

50  cents). 


Zit  JSor^  OS^afttmote  (press 

BALTIMORE,  MD. ,  U.  S.  A. 


VI.-JULIUS  OR  "JULIUS":   A  NOTE  ON  VERG. 

AEN.  I.  286  SEQ. 

Nascetur  pulchra  Troianus  origine  Caesar,  286 

Imperium  Oceano.  famam  qui  terminet  astris, 
lulius,  a  magno  demissum  nomen  lulo. 
Hunc  tu  olim  caelo,  spoliis  Orientis  onustum, 
Accipies  secura;  vocabitur  hie  quoque  votis. 
Aspera  turn  positis  mitescent  saecula  bellis;  291 

Cana  Fides,  et  Vesta,  Remo  cum  fratre  Quirinus, 
lura  dabunt;  dirae  ferro  et  compagibus  artis 
Claudentur  Belli  portae  ;  etc. 

Commentators  in  the  early  editions  of  the  Aeneid  assumed, 
for  the  plain  reason  that  this  passage  names  Julius,  that  it  refers 
to  the  Julius  Caesar  whom  we  regularly  know  by  that  name,  as 
the  ancients  did.  Ever  since  the  edition  of  Heyne,  however, 
editors  have  generally  explained  the  reference  as  wholly  to 
Augustus,  and  this  is  the  view  of  school-room  orthodoxy  at  the 
present  time.  Nevertheless  it  seems  on  some  accounts  — in  a 
political  year  — as  if  the  recall  might  suitably  be  applied  to  this 
bit  of  commentary.  In  spite  of  the  temerity  of  venturing  to 
question  a  long-accepted  and  authoritative  interpretation  of  so 
familiar  a  text,  and  in  spite  of  the  professional  charm  of  the  less 
obvious  of  possible  explanations,  it  still  seems  as  if  the  grounds 
of  the  received  interpretation  might  usefully  be  subjected  to 
doubt,  as  possibly  they  have  not  been  by  all  the  editors  who 
have  repeated  the  now  traditional  comment  that  the  passage 
refers  throughout  —  with  an  altogether  exceptional  use  of  the 
name  lulius^  —  to  C.  lulius  Caesar  Octavianus. 

There  is  of  course  no  doubt  that  the  lines  291  seq.  belong  to 
Augustus.  As  to  the  earlier  ones,  Heyne  gives  three  reasons 
for  concluding  that  Augustus  is  meant  throughout  the  passage, 
rather  than  Divus  lulius: 

"Nee  terrarum  imperium  (v.  287)  facile  Caesari  tribuitur, 
neque  is  spoliis  Orientis  onustus,  neque  ab  eo  pax  restituta 
(v.  294).     Contra  Augusto  ilia  ubique  obvia  ". 

iMommsen  (Staatsr.  IP.,  p.  768)  notes  the  fact  that  even  from  about  the 
beginning  of  the  fourth  decade  B.  c.  —  during  the  Triumvirate  —Octavianus 
discontinued  the  use  of  the  names  C.Julius  in  favor  of  Imp,  Caesar. 
6 


82 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


Of  these,  it  is  not  easy  to  see  why  the  universal  imperium  could 
not  be  ascribed  to  Julius  Caesar,  if  not  in  the  strictly  legal  sense, 
at  least  in  a  practical  and  complimentary  sense,  as  a  summing  up 
of  the  world-wide  conquests  which  were  wonderinoly  enumerated 
not  only  by  the  great  Julius's  own  contemporaries,  but  also  by  a 
writer  like  Ovid  when  the  career  of  Auj^ustus  himself  was  far 
advanced;  indeed,  considering  the  completeness  with  which 
Augustus  originally  owed  his  place  and  power  to  his  great  adop- 
tive father,  to  the  fact  that  it  was  Julius  who  had  created  the 
public  occasion  for  connecting  the  Julian  gens  with  the  name  of 
lulus  at  all,  it  would  have  been  very  strange  if  Julius  had  not  been 
mentioned  in  this  connection  in  just  about  this  way.  As  James 
Henry  in  his  Aeneidea^  aptly  remarked  :  "In  a  poem  written  for 
the  glorification  of  Augustus  .  . .  all  mention  of  Augustus's  uncle 
and  immediate  predecessor,  the  deified  founder  of  the  Julian  race 
and  dynasty,  could  no  more  have  been  omitted  than  could  in 
these  days  be  omitted  in  a  poem  in  honor  of  the  third  Napoleon 
all  mention  of  the  third  Napoleon's  uncle  and  predecessor."  In 
particular,  the  third  of  the  three  great  victories  by  which  Julius 
Caesar  assured  his  final  supremacy  over  his  rivals  in  the 
empire  was  won  at  Munda  in  Spain ;  so  there  is  an  especial 
neatness  in  the  Imperium  Oceano . . .  terminety  as  applied  to  him. 

The  third  of  Heyne's  three  objections  to  the  natural  application 
of  these  verses,  that  the  restoration  of  peace  uas  by  Augustus, 
not  Julius,  is  no  difficulty  at  all,  but  the  contrary,  as  we  shall  see. 

The  second  is  more  serious.  Spoliis  Orieniis  oymsium  fits  the 
case  of  Julius  somewhat  less  aptly  than  that  of  Augustus  Caesar, 
certainly  if  one  explains  it,  with  Servius,  as  a  reference  to  the 
brief  campaign  against  Pharnaces,  though  even  in  that  the  famous 
epigrammatic  brevity  of  the  announcement  of  victory  would  ^ive 
some  point  to  the  allusion.  But  there  is  perhaps  another  si,i>ni- 
ficance  in  the  phrase.  It  does  not  refer  to  Caesar's  return  to 
Rome  but  to  his  reception  in  heaven.  At  about  the  time  when 
Virgil  was  writing,  presumably,  this  passage,  Augustus  was 
building  the  temple  of  the  Divine  Julius,  and  using  for  that  pur- 
pose, it  would  appear,  precisely  some  of  the  spoils  which  he  had 
brought  from  the  East  upon  his  return  in  the  year  29.  He  dedi- 
cated the  temple  in  August  of  that  year.  We  are  specifically 
told  of  the  beaks  of  the  Egyptian  war  vessels  which  were  mounted 
on  the  base  of  the  temple,^  and  that  Augustus  consecrated  Dona 


*  London,  1873,  Vol.  I. 


Dio  Cas.  LI.  19;  etc. 


JULIUS  OR  "JULIUS 


J9 


I- 


83 


ex  mayiibiis  in  Capitolio  et  in  aede  divi  luli  et  in  aede  Apollinis 
et  in  aede  Vestae  et  in  tempio  Martis  Ultoris  .  .  .  quae  mihi  con- 
stiterunt  HS  circiter  millieyis' ;  and  Strabo*'  and  Pliny  ^  mention 
in  particular  as  having  been  dedicated  by  Augustus  in  the  temple 
of  Divus  lulius  the  Venus  Anadyomene  of  Apelles  (from  Cos), 

The  various  honors  which  were  done  by  Augustus  to  the 
memory  of  Julius  were  of  course  prominent  in  people's  minds  ; 
not  only  the  temple  of  Divus  lulius  but  also  that  of  Mars  Ultor 
and  the  Basilica  lulia  and  the  Curia  Julia,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
elaborate  obsequies  and  the  popular  interpretation  of  the  famous 
comet*  (Ct".  famam  qui  terminet  astris)  had  served  to  keep 
prominently  in  mind  the  thought  of  the  Divine  Juhus,  in  whose 
divinity  Augustus  took  so  obvious  an  interest  that  it  was  the 
most  natural  thing  in  the  world  for  the  courtly  poet  to  refer  to 
this  glorified  restorer  of  the  line  of  lulus. 

Certainly  not  without  some  interest  in  this  connection,  as  illus- 
trating at  least  the  popular  inclination  to  connect  the  name  of 
lulus   with   that  of  the   great   Dictator,   is  the  story,   however 
apocryphal  it  may  be,  related  by  Suetonius,^  of  the  discovt-ry 
at  Capua  of  a  bronze  tablet  on  the  tomb  in  which  Capys  the 
founder  of  Capua  was  said  to  have  been  buried.     This  discovery, 
he  s  lys,  was  a  few  months  before  Caesar's  assassination,  cum  in 
colonia   Capua  deducti  lege  Julia   colojii  ad  exstruendas   villas 
vetustissima  sepulchra  disicerejit,  idque  co  sfudiosius  facet  ent, 
quod  aliquantum  vasculorum  operis  antiqui  scrutantes  reperi^ 
ebatit.     The  tabula  aenea,  he  says,  was  conscripta  litteris  ver- 
bisque  Graecis  hac  sententia,  '' Quatidoque  ossa  Capyis  deiecta 
essent,  fore  ut  Into  progtiatus  tnanu  co7isangui7ieorum  necaretur 
magjiisque  mox  Italiae  cladibus  vindicareturr     Suetonius  cites 
Cornelius  Balbus  as  authority  for  his  account. 

There  is  even  a  possible  relevancy  in  the  fact,  considering  that 
Virgil  mentions  Julius  next  after  Romulus  in  this  prophecy  of  the 
Julian  Hne.  that  the  right  of  asylum  which  the  senate  granted  to 
the  sanctuary  of  the  Divine  Julius  is  especially  remarked  by  Dio 
to  have  been  unexampled  in  the  case  of  any  god  since  the  time 

of  Romulus:    diir)y6pivacxv  Se  fxrjdfpa    f'r   to   rjpwov  avrov  KaracfivyovTa  in 

^I^es  Gestae,  IV,  23  ^Q(l.',  cf.  Dio.  LI  22.     ^xiV.  2.  ig.     3^.  iV.  XXXV.  91. 
*  Verg.  Eel.  IX.  47  ;  Suet.  Div.  lul.  88 ;  Dio.  Cas.  XLV.  7  •  etc 
*Div.  Iul.8i. 


84 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


11 


tS)v  €Tr\  Tov    P(i}p.v\ov  ytvofxfvioff  fdcdcoKCcrai/. 

But  all  of  Virgil's  passage,  however,  was  of  course  intended  to 
gratify  the  existing  head  of  the  Julian  house.  Early  in  this  same 
year  29  B.  c.  Augustus  had  closed  the  doors  of  the  temple  of 
Janus,  an  enormously  popular  act  which  Heyne  (as  his  third  ob- 
jection: neque  ab  eo  pax  restituta)  with  a  rather  inept  super- 
fluousness  says  did  not  belong  to  Julius.  For  Heyne  and  the 
other  commentators  following  his  lead  seem  to  overlook  the 
evident  meaning  oitum  in  this  place.  It  is  not  *then,  at  the  same 
time*,  but  'then,  next  afterward'.  Julius,  the  Caesar  whose 
name  especially  recalls  that  of  the  great  lulus  and  in  whose 
deification  as  the  founder  or  restorer  of  the  Julian  line  Octavianus 
is  so  intimately  concerned,  shall  be  received  in  heaven  glorified 
with  the  spoils  of  the  East:  he  also  shall  be  called  upon  in  prayer. 
And  then,  afterward,  he  having  gone  to  heaven  and  his  apotheosis 
being  a  matter  of  official  recognition  and  popular  enthusiasm,  and 
Augustus  being  now  in  power,  the  warlike  age  shall  grow  peace- 
ful and  the  grim  gates  of  war  shall  be  closed.  The  meaning 
seems  too  obvious  to  justify  a  question. 

The  passage  in  the  sixth  book  of  the  Aeneid  beginning  (vs.  791) 
Hie  vir,  hie  est,  offers  no  real  inconsistency  with  this  view.  Ovid's 
famous  account  of  the  deification  of  Julius  Caesar'  is  written  in 
the  very  tone  and  manner  that  would  be  natural  to  Ovid  writing 
a  few  years  later  in  Augustus's  principate  with  Virgil's  present 
lines  in  mind  with  their  natural  interpretation.  As  in  the  Virgilian 
lines,  Julius  Caesar  is  made  by  Ovid  the  initial  theme  of  his  lau- 
dation, and  presently  (vs.  750  seq.)  Ovid  continues  to  the  effect 
that  none  of  Caesar's  achievements  is  greater  than  his  having 
been  the  father  of  Augustus';  and  like  Virgil  he  concludes  the 
passage  with  a  glorification  of  the  latter.  It  would  appear 
that  commentators  on  the  present  passage  of  the  Aeneid  have 
been  misled  by  an  overemphasis  upon  one  theory  of  the  meaning 
of  the  words  spoliis  Orieniis  onusium^  which  even  if  it  be  correct 
is  not  necessarily  conclusive,  in  spite  of  the  admitted  fact  that 
the  Augustan  age  was  fond  of  expatiating  upon  Augustus's 
eastern  conquests,  and  have  neglected  the  natural  conclusion 
that  the  two  parts  of  the  passage  do  not  refer  to  the  same  person. 


College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 


Allan  P.  Ball. 


' 

p 


i 


» 


THE   JOHNS   HOPKINS   PRESS 

OF  BALTIiVIORE 


^™vSS«P??*ft^  Joiinial.  lEA  RncBBi,  Editor.  Monthly.  8to. 
MB^  progress.    |5  per  year.     (Foreign  postage  60 

American  Jonnua  of  Insanity.  Quarterly.  8vo.  Volume  LXIX  in 
progress.    |6  per  Tolume.    (Foreign  postage  SO  cents.) 

^*^  ^vSSS J^'i??!^^^  Feawk  Moaunr,  Editor.  Qnarterly. 
pStagl  irSnteT^        progress.     |5  per  volume.     (Forei^ 

American  Jonmal  of  Philology.    B.  L.  Gildbsliiti.  Editor     Onar- 

%^I^^1^''•     Volume  ^niV   Jn   proSST^S   per  vo& 
(Foreign  postage  60  cents.) 

Beit^ge  inr  Assyriologie  .  und  semitischen  SprachwlssenschafL 
Paul  Haupt  and  Frucdbich  Delitzsch,  Editw?.  vSlSJf^ 
in  progress. 

HMperia:    Schriften  «nr  germanischen  Philolgie.    H.  Collitz,  Editor. 
Johns  Hopkms  Hospital  BuUetin.     Monthly.    4to.    Volume  XXIV  in 

P'^gress.    12  per  year.    (Foreign  postage  60  cents.) 
Johns  HopUns  Hospital  Reports.    4to.    Volume  XVII  in  progress.    $6 

per  volume.    TForeign  postage  60  cents.)  p    s  «».    ♦© 

Johns  HoptosUm^emty  Studies  in  Historical  and  PoUtlcal  Science. 

8V0.    Volume  XXX  in  progress.    |3  per  volume 
Johns  Hogdns  Uidverslty  Circular.    Including  the  Annual  Report  of 

^t  ^2**®?vi  ^^i^eraJty  Register;  Medical  Department  Catar 
logue.    Monthly.    8vo.    $1  per  year. 

Mraolrs  from  the  Biological  Uboratory.    Five  volumes  have  appeared 

H°M?STr,J^r^S  M*^*^^^  }l  ^-  9-  Ar°^8trong,  J.  W.*^Brlght 
H.  Collitz,  and  C.  C.  Marden   Managing  Editor).  Bight  numbers 

postage  25  cents.)  ^ 

Reprint  of  Economic  Tracts.  J.  H.  Hollander,  Editor.  Third  series 
m  progress,  |2. 

Reports  of  the  Maryland  (jeological  Survey. 

^^"!?^^i^l  ^'^Kn^V'™  and  Atmospheric  Electricity.  L.  A.  Baiter. 
Editor.  Quarterly.  8vo.  Volume  XVIII  in  progress.  $3  per 
volume.     (Foreign  postage  25  cents.)  ^ 


^  Dio.  XLVII.  19.        Met.  XV.  745-870.      '  Note  especially  vss.  760,  761. 


STUDIES   IN   HONOR 

OF 

PROFESSOR   GILDERSLEEVE 

This  volume  contains  627  pages  together  with  a  photogravure  of 
Professor  Olldersleeve.     It  includes  44  separate  papers    '^^'^^''^^  ""^ 
Hnn  «/?i!i°iS?  '^  dedicated  to  Professor  Olldersleeve  In  commemora. 
tlon  of  the  Seventieth  Anniversary  of  his  hlrth  by  his  pupils. 
.  mv  ^f  edition  of  the  volume  was  subscribed  for  in  advance  of 

UIx%ollare)  Ml  h'^*^  remaining  will  be  sold  at  the  price  of  $6.00 
Orders  may  be  addressed  to 

The  Johns  Hopkins  Press 

Baltimore,  Maryland. 


•ittmm 


